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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
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Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
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Beethoven,_Ludwig_van
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1992-09-03
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1770-1827. German composer and pianist. His
mastery of musical expression in every genre
made him the dominant influence on
19th-century music. Beethoven`s repertoire
includes concert overtures; the opera Fidelio
1805, revised 1814; five piano concertos and
two for violin (one unfinished); 32 piano
sonatas, including the Moonlight 1801 and
Appassionata 1804-05; 17 string quartets; the
Mass in D (Missa solemnis) 1824; and nine
symphonies, as well as many youthful works.
He usually played his own piano pieces and
conducted his orchestral works until he was
hampered by deafness 1801; nevertheless he
continued to compose.
Born in Bonn, the son and grandson of
musicians, Beethoven became deputy organist
at the court of the Elector of Cologne at
Bonn before he was 12; later he studied under
Haydn and possibly Mozart, whose influence
dominated his early work. From 1809, he
received a small allowance from aristocratic
patrons.
Beethoven`s career spanned the transition
from Classicism to Romanticism. Of his
symphonies the best-known are the Third
(Eroica) 1803-04, originally intended to be
dedicated to Napoleon with whom Beethoven
became disillusioned, the Fifth 1807-08, the
Sixth (Pastoral) 1803-08, and Ninth (Choral)
1815-24, which includes the passage from
Schiller`s `Ode to Joy` chosen as the
national anthem of Europe.